Architecture is the art and science of designing and building buildings such as wooden villas and interior and exterior spaces, which as one of the aesthetic arts, is related to humans, the environment, and culture. In fact, architecture , as a branch of visual arts, is directly related to the environment and spaces around us, as well as to the cultural and social needs of the people. Architecture is composed of two Greek words arche and tekton, which mean “beginning” and “builder” respectively.
Architecture as an art and science consists of a set of creative, technical and engineering processes that play a role in the design and construction of buildings and other spaces. This art and science deals with the design of various structures, the use of building materials, the creation of indoor and outdoor spaces, lighting, air conditioning, the selection of colors and materials, and paying attention to safety and health principles in order to create a beautiful, efficient and healthy space. It is used for humans.
Types of architecture
Due to the diverse history and culture of the people of the world, architecture has many types. In the following, we will mention some famous and common architectures in the world:
1. Classical architecture : This type of style is related to the ancient periods of Greece and Rome, which is known by columns, clay tiles and geometric holes.
2. Gothic style: Gothic architecture was formed in Europe during the Middle Ages and is characterized by features such as the use of tall flags, long arches and difficult buttresses.
3. Renaissance architecture: Renaissance architecture is known as one of the most important periods in the history of architecture. In this period, a return to ancient Greek and Roman styles is observed. Also, unlike medieval architecture, which included long arches and cumbersome buttresses, Renaissance architecture focused on simple lines and soft curves. During this period, there was a lot of dreaming and decoration in the design of buildings and museums, and expensive materials, including marble, gold and silver, were used. Renaissance architecture showed the emergence of a new concept in the design of buildings, which emphasized the perfection of beauty, rationality and the spread of rationality by Italian designers and architects.
4. Baroque architecture: Baroque architecture was formed in the seventeenth century in Europe and is known as one of the most important periods in the history of architecture. During this period, artists and architects sought to create buildings that would inspire a sense of grandeur and grandeur to the audience. Unlike Renaissance architecture, which focused on simple lines and soft curves, Baroque architecture used eye-catching decorations and complex curves. During this period, buildings with complex and numerous designs were formed, which were made of precious materials, including precious stones, gold and silver. Also, the use of diverse and beautiful lighting inside the buildings helped to increase the beauty and splendor of these buildings. Baroque architecture represented the creation of a new concept in the design of buildings that emphasized the perfection of beauty and splendor by European artists and architects.
5. Modern architecture: Modern architecture was formed by focusing on the use of advanced technology and materials during the 20th century. Also, it is characterized by features such as the use of metal and glass materials, simple lines and soft curves.
6. Neoclassical architecture: This type of architecture was inspired by the Renaissance and antiquity and was redefined in a new way in the 19th century. Its characteristics include the use of large columns, geometric decoration, and open and simple space.
- Modern architecture: This type of architecture is designed with a focus on the relationship between people and the current living spaces. Also, it seeks to create spaces that allow people to live better and more comfortably. Its features include the use of advanced technology, open and green spaces, building design to optimize the use of natural light and lower energy consumption.
Summary of types of architecture
Different types of architecture show the diversity and diverse history of the people of the world and show how people throughout history have tried to create beautiful, efficient and healthy spaces for their lives by designing and building various buildings. Renaissance architecture with emphasis on simple lines and soft curves, baroque architecture with eye-catching decorations and centrality, neoclassical architecture with the use of large columns and open and simple space, each shows its own concepts and ideas in the field of design and construction. There are buildings. In general, all these types of architecture show how technology, culture, and the needs of society throughout history have led to various developments in the design and construction of buildings.
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